دروس البكالوريا Bac 20

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Linking Words Part One :

Linking Words Part Two :

Linking Words : كلمات الربط أو أدوات الربط

Linking words are words that help us to connect ideas and sentences when we speak or write English.

Example :

Let’s take this 3 sentences:

  • I bought a dog.
  • I really wanted a pet.
  • now I wish I hadn’t!

Using 2 linking words which are: Because However we will link all the 3 previous sentences to make them as one sentence that have a clear meaning.

The result is ➡  I bought a dog because I really wanted a pet. However, now I wish I hadn’t!

إذا أدوات الربط، كما يعبر إسمها هي أدوات تستعمل للربط بين الجمل

  👌وذلك من أجل الحصول على جملة واحدة مفهومة المعنى

So why do we use linking words ⁉

We can use linking words to give examples, add information, summarise, sequence information, give a reason or result, or to contrast ideas.

وتستعمل أدوات الربط من أجل إضافة معلومة،

إعطاء أمثلة، توضيح سبب أو نتيجة…

Most commonly used Linking Words :

Giving examples:  إعطاء أمثلة

The most common way to give examples is by using for example or for instance.

for example = for instance

 من إجل عدم For instance إستعملو -Writing-لاعطاء أمثلة أثناء كتابة

😉 عدة مرات For example استعمال

Example :

I prefer revising my lessons by visiting e-learning websites in the net, for instance Kezakoo.com is a rich website, you can find all the informations that you are looking for

Addition: الإضافة

Linking words MeaningExamples
And وHe spoke English and French
AlsoوكذلكAhmed, Bilal and Issam would also attend
Tooو أيضاHe loves his sisters, and his brothers too
As wellكذلكHe speaks English and French as well
Besidesبالإضافة إلىBesides French, he speaks English
Not only … but…. alsoليس فقط………لكن……..ايضا.The car not only is economical but also feels good to drive


Contrasting:   المقابلة أو المغايرة

Linking words MeaningExamples
ButلكنHe works hard, but he doesn’t earn much
Howeverمع ذلكHe works hard. However, he doesn’t earn much
Although رغمAlthough it was cold, she went out in shorts
Despite +noun

In spite of +noun

رغمDespite  the cold (noun), she went out in shorts.

In spite of the cold (noun), she went out in shorts.

Nevertheless   ومع ذلكMy salary is really low, nevertheless I find the work incredibly rewarding

 

Expressing cause and result:  التعبير عن السبب و النتيجة 

Linking wordsMeaningExamples
BecauseلأنBecause it was rainingthe match was postponed.

The match was postponed, because it was raining.

Because of + noun

Due to + noun

 بسببBecause of bad weather, the football match was postponed

Due to the weather, the picnic was cancelled.

SoإذنHe had an exam, so he started revising
ThereforeإذنYou have an exam, therefore, you must revise your lessons
Consequently نتيجة لذلكI was sleeping, consequently, I didn’t hear the bell 

Sequencing ideasالتعبير على التسلسل أو التعاقب 

Linking words MeaningExamples
First of all أولا وقبل كل شيئFirst of all, I want you to listen carefully
Then بعد ذلكRead the examples, then do the same
Before قبل أنRead the question carefully before answering
After بعد  أنAfter you answer the questions, make sure you didn’t forget anyone.
Laterبعد ذلكA few hours later, he came back home.
WhileبينماWhile I was watching TV the phone rang
Onceحينما , بمجرد ماOnce you finish you can go
SuddenlyفجأةI was walking, suddenly I noticed that someone is following me
As soon asبمجرد ماAs soon as I have the information, I’ll tell you
At / In the endفي الأخير , أخيراIn the end, his teacher asked him to stay in class

 

Expressing purpose:  التعبير على الهدف

Linking words MeaningExamples
Toل, بهدف, بغيةTo learn a new language, the best way is to read many books.
In order to   لكي,من أجلShe had to work full-time in order to earn a living for herself and her family.
So that  كي , لكيI’ll go by car so that I can take more luggage.
For من اجلI wear these old trousers for painting.

Exams exercises:

2016 مادة الانجليزية الامتحان الوطني الموحد للباك الدورة العادية

E. REWRITE THE SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. (3 pts)

2. Despite being an expert, Jim couldn’t recover his files from his hard disk.

     Although Jim …………………………

2015 مادة الانجليزية الامتحان الوطني الموحد للباك الدورة العادية

D. REWRITE THE SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. (4 pts)

4. Taha Hussein was blind. Yet, he wrote a lot of books.

     Although ………………………………

2014 مادة الانجليزية الامتحان الوطني الموحد للباك الدورة العادية

E. REWRITE THE SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. (2 pts)

1. Rachid got a loan from the bank. He wanted to buy an apartment (in order to)

2. The meeting was canceled. The manager was sick. (because of 

–> Because of + noun

2017 مادة الانجليزية الامتحان الوطني الموحد للباك الدورة العادية

1. Ahmed joined his friends in the cafe. He wanted to watch the Champions league Final. (in order to) 

2. Kate is just seventeen. She has written two books. (although 

2012 مادة الانجليزية الامتحان الوطني الموحد للباك الدورة العادية

E. JOIN THE FOLLOWING PAIRS OF SENTENCES WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. (2 pts)

1. Many people learn computer skills. They want to get better jobs. (so as to)

2. Taoufik had family problems. He couldn’t concentrate on his work (because of)

2010 مادة الانجليزية الامتحان الوطني الموحد للباك الدورة العادية

2. Mr Parker was poor; However, he managed to educate his kids well.

          Despite …………………..

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